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Improved EFS-based Temperature Compensation Method for EMI Damage Detection using Amplitude Difference-Dependent Coefficient
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DOI：10.1016/j.ndteint.2026.103767.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Electromechanical impedance (EMI) technology has shown significant potential for structural damage detection. However, in practical applications, impedance signals are seriously susceptible to the variation of ambient temperature, which may lead to erroneous damage assessment. The effective frequency shift (EFS) method, with the advantage of simple principle and high operational efficiency, has been widely used for EMI temperature compensation. Unfortunately, existing EFS-based temperature compensation methods exhibit intrinsic insufficiency in vertical amplitude compensation due to their neglect of frequency-dependent amplitude deviations, limiting their practical applicability. To overcome this deficiency, an improved EFS-based temperature compensation method is proposed by combining a novel amplitude difference-dependent compensation coefficient with optimization processing. The proposed amplitude compensation coefficient accounts for the amplitude deviations induced by temperature variations, thus significantly enhancing the compensation performance over conventional EFS techniques. With this enhancement, the proposed method provides a great possibility to realize reliable detection of structural damage even with temperature interference. In addition, to validate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed coefficient and method, a series of laboratory investigations for temperature compensation and a semi-outdoor bolt-loosening monitoring test on a flange specimen, were conducted. Finally, the laboratory results indicated distinguished temperature compensation performance compared to conventional EFS methods, with average accuracy improvements of 54.7% and 56.6% in high- and low-temperature investigations, respectively. Similarly, in the semi-outdoor test, the proposed method also achieved significant improvements in temperature compensation performance and damage detection robustness over the conventional approach for long-term bolt-loosening monitoring, even under practical conditions with ambient temperature fluctuation of approximately 10°C. All these results demonstrated its great potential of the proposed method for temperature compensation on EMI-based structural health monitoring, especially for bolt-loosening detection.
Keywords:
Electromechanical impedance
Temperature compensation
Damage detection
Amplitude difference-dependent coefficient
Structural health monitoring
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4.5
Papers:
169
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