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Investigation of spindle preload-induced thermal effects on milling dynamics
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DOI：10.1080/10426914.2026.2674570.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Spindle preload, targeted to enhance machining performance, generates heat that changes bearing characteristics and affects part accuracy. Hence, there is a need to investigate the preload-induced thermal-effects on machining dynamics. This work explores time-dependent variations of heat generation and spindle/machining performance across preloads and speeds (8,000–16,000rpm). Cutting-tool tip frequency response functions (FRFs) and stability lobe diagrams (SLDs) track the machining stability of identically fabricated spindles with different preloads as temperature evolves to steady state. For light preload, rising temperature raised the first modal frequency by ~7% (increased bearing stiffness), shifting the SLD toward higher speeds by ~11%. For medium preload, temperature caused a ~6% drop in the first modal frequency (reduced bearing stiffness), shifting the SLD by ~10% toward lower speeds. Mode magnitudes decreased by ~43.2% and ~41.2% for light and medium preloads, respectively, resulting in an upward SLD shift and enabling increased limiting depth via increased damping.
Keywords:
Spindle
frequency
response
function
stability
lobe
diagram
bearing
preload
chatter
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