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Landau level laser
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DOI：10.1038/s41566-021-00879-8.png)
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Tunable lasers in the terahertz frequency range are of great demand for many spectroscopic applications. The first continuously tunable p-Ge Landau level terahertz laser had the drawback of pulsed operation at very low temperatures. There have been promising developments of Landau level lasers based on graphene in combination with other two-dimensional materials. Extended theoretical work has resulted in an understanding of carrier dynamics and the relevant Auger and phonon processes. Both optical and electrical pumping schemes have been proposed to achieve inversion and lasing. There are still open questions about the combination of two-dimensional structures and the carrier transfer mechanisms between the layers. By solving the technological challenges, the realization of a near room-temperature Landau level laser can be envisaged. Progress on Landau level lasers-based on external magnetic field splitting of electronic states-is reviewed, with particular attention paid to the potential for tunable terahertz lasers.
Keyword:
CYCLOTRON-RESONANCE LASER
QUANTUM-CASCADE-LASER
RECOMBINATION RADIATION
ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES
POPULATION-INVERSION
STIMULATED-EMISSION
HOT HOLES
GE
THZ
SPECTROSCOPY
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