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Leishmaniasis
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DOI：10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31204-2.png)
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Leishmaniasis is a poverty-related disease with two main clinical forms: visceral leishmaniasis and cutaneous leishmaniasis. An estimated 0.7-1 million new cases of leishmaniasis per year are reported from nearly 100 endemic countries. The number of reported visceral leishmaniasis cases has decreased substantially in the past decade as a result of better access to diagnosis and treatment and more intense vector control within an elimination initiative in Asia, although natural cycles in transmission intensity might play a role. In east Africa however, the case numbers of this fatal disease continue to be sustained. Increased conflict in endemic areas of cutaneous leishmaniasis and forced displacement has resulted in a surge in these endemic areas as well as clinics across the world. WHO lists leishmaniasis as one of the neglected tropical diseases for which the development of new treatments is a priority. Major evidence gaps remain, and new tools are needed before leishmaniasis can be definitively controlled.
Keyword:
LIPOSOMAL AMPHOTERICIN-B
HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS
AZAR DERMAL LEISHMANIASIS
HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS
INTRALESIONAL MEGLUMINE ANTIMONIATE
AMERICAN CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS
DIRECT AGGLUTINATION-TEST
TIME PCR ASSAY
VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS
KALA-AZAR
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