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Leveraging machine learning for the synthesis optimization of tea waste–derived carbon quantum dots for supercapacitor electrodes
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DOI：10.1016/j.diamond.2026.114048.png)
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Abstract
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• CatBoost model (R2 = 0.791 ± 0.214) optimized solvothermal synthesis of CQDs from tea processing waste. • Solvent type dominated (88.8%), yielding 19.61% of CQDs with DMF at 180°C/3h/BSR 1:35 vs. 10.0% with ethanol at 116°C/5.9h/BSR 1:5 • Optimized CQDs showed quasi-spherical structure (2-8 nm), high surface area (512 m2/g), and rich N/O functional groups (XPS confirmed 3.79 at % N) • Achieved 175 F g-1 at 2 mV s-1 and 87% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles. • ML-guided approach enables efficient valorization of tea processing waste into high-performance supercapacitor electrodes.
Keywords:
Tea processing waste
CQDs
STC synthesis
CatBoost
Electrode materials
Supercapacitor
Optimization
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