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Liquid feeding of miscellaneous grain and meal diets with enzymes improved growth performance and intestinal health of growing pigs
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DOI：10.1016/j.aninu.2026.05.002.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
The utilization of miscellaneous grain and meal (MGM) as an alternative to corn and soybean meal (CSM) in pig production is a crucial strategy to alleviate the limited availability of high-quality feed resources. Nevertheless, optimizing the utilization efficiency of MGM to maintain or improve pig production performance poses a significant technical challenge that requires in-depth investigation. This study investigated the effects of liquid feeding with enzyme-supplemented MGM diet on the growth performance and health status of growing pigs, and evaluated the effectiveness of replacing the CSM diet. A total of 180 pigs (age 72 d, initial body weight 26.84 ± 1.29 kg) were randomly allocated to 5 treatment groups, with 6 replicate pens of 6 pigs each for a 28-d experimental period. The five groups were: CSM diet solid feeding (CSMD), MGM diet solid feeding (MGMD-S) or liquid feeding (MGMD-L), and enzyme-added MGM diet solid feeding (MGMD-SE) or liquid feeding (MGMD-LE). Relative to the CSMD group, pigs in the MGMD-LE group showed a higher average daily gain and a lower feed-to-gain ratio (P < 0.05). Diets supplemented with enzyme preparations (MGMD-SE and MGMD-LE) showed significantly higher digestibility of crude protein, ether extract, and crude fiber, they also enhanced the activities of lipase, amylase, and sucrase in the jejunal mucosa, and elevated the mRNA expression of nutrient transporters than other three groups (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the MGMD-LE group markedly elevated serum total antioxidant capacity and concentrations of immunoglobulin (Ig) A, IgG, and IgM than other four groups (P < 0.05). Additionally, the villus height and the villus-to-crypt ratio were significantly increased in MGMD-LE group, along with higher butyrate concentrations in the colon and cecum (P < 0.05). The microbial profiling of colonic digesta revealed that the MGMD-LE group exhibited enrichment of Ligilactobacillus and Limosilactobacillus and depletion of Streptococcus and Sarcina than other four groups (P < 0.05). Moreover, the addition of enzyme preparation (MGMD-SE and MGMD-LE) also increased the relative abundance of Christensenellaceae_R-7_group and Pseudobutyrivibrio than those in the MGMD-S and MGMD-L groups (P < 0.05). In summary, liquid feeding of the enzyme-supplemented MGM diet in growing pigs showed a significant growth advantage over the CSM diet, probably attributable to enhanced nutrient digestibility and intestinal health.
Keywords:
Liquid feeding
Enzyme
Miscellaneous grain and meal
Growing pig
Growth performance
Intestinal health
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