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Lithium selective receptors
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DOI：10.1016/j.ccr.2024.215968.png)
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The rising global demand for lithium and its compounds has led to a shift away from fossil fuels towards more energy-efficient systems like lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Various technologies and materials are being explored for mining and extracting lithium, but current methods like solar evaporation and critical mining are slow and deplete resources rapidly. Therefore, there is a growing need for recycling used lithium. While some multipassive technologies show promise, they often fall short in terms of cost-effectiveness, selectivity, and recyclability. Supramolecular receptors such as crown ethers, calixarenes, and their derivatives and more recently functionalized ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents offer a potential solution to these challenges. Efforts are directed to create specialized supramolecular receptors that can both sense and extract lithium ion, particularly from challenging sources like sea-brine. Recent studies have highlighted the potential of silica-based materials and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) in adsorption, but there is a need for further refinement to make them viable for real-world applications. Strategies involving post-modification and transforming receptors into MOFs or other materials hold promise in improving surface area and recyclability, thus enhancing their effectiveness. This review aims to compile all existing supramolecular receptors developed for lithium sensing and extraction, comparing them with newer generation receptors. It tries to summarize their selectivity towards lithium ions, describe their mechanisms, and extraction properties, providing a comprehensive resource for researchers working in this field.
Keyword:
Lithium Receptors
Selective Sensing
Liquid-Liquid Extraction
Lithium recovery
Lithium-Ion Batteries
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23.5
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9.3K
被引数:
7.3W
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