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Local thermal regimes structure community-level phenology of tintinnids
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DOI：10.1002/lno.70428.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Surface seawater temperature varies seasonally across latitudes, shaping the temporal organization of plankton communities. However, the phenology of microzooplankton at the community level remains poorly understood, largely due to insufficient temporal resolution in most monitoring programs. In this study, we conducted a high-frequency (three times per week) year-round survey of tintinnids in Qingdao coastal waters, a site characterized by one of the largest annual temperature ranges among global coastal systems. Thirty tintinnid species were identified, and all were neritic taxa. Based on their annual occurrence patterns, the community was classified into four phenological types: cold-water type, temperate type I, temperate type II, and warm-water type, each exhibiting distinct seasonal peaks and thermal performance ranges. These four phenological types constitute the community-level phenological pattern of tintinnids in Qingdao coastal waters. The effective breadths of thermal performance range for each type were 5–8°C, and the number of phenological types increased with the site's annual temperature range, from two in Hong Kong to three in Ningbo and four in Qingdao. Cold-associated types exhibited positively skewed thermal performance curves, indicating higher sensitivity to temperature fluctuations at low temperatures, whereas warm-associated types followed the typical negatively skewed pattern. By linking phenological types to distinct thermal niches, this study provides a framework for understanding how local thermal regimes structure microzooplankton community-level phenology and seasonal succession.
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