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Long-term organic and conventional management differentially regulate root–shoot biomass allocation and yield–quality trade-offs in mustard (Brassica juncea L.) genotypes
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DOI：10.1016/j.rhisph.2026.101404.png)
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Abstract
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The long-term organic nutrient management influences soil properties and improves the soil health. However, the interaction effects of contemporary mustard genotypes and long-term organic (ORG) and conventional (CONV) management on root-shoot dynamics, yield, oil quality, and the nutrient uptake remain elusive. The greater root system growth also aids in the climate resilience and the below ground carbon sequestration. This study aimed to assess the effects of two-decade-long organic vs. conventional soil management on the root-shoot relationship and yield-quality trade-off among the mustard genotypes. A PVC tube experiment was conducted with 1m layer wise soil from the adjacent two-decade-long ORG and CONV plots. Five mustard genotypes (i.e., RH725, Pusa Vijay, PM28, PM31 and PM33) were grown to evaluate the genotype responses to ORG and CONV soil. External nutrients were not applied in PVC tubes. Yield, quality, root-shoot traits, and nitrogen uptake were measured. Data were analysed using two-way ANOVA to assess the soil, genotype, and their interaction effects. The ORG soil enhanced the biomass accumulation, yield attributes, grain and stover yields, and the total nitrogen uptake. RH725 and Pusa Vijay showed amplified response under the ORG soil. The oil content and quality were genotype-driven, variable response was found in the contrasting soil types, but PM31 and PM33 excelled in oil quality. The oleic and linoleic acid were negatively correlated with the oil yield, erucic acid and the glucosinolate content. The improved early root development, and the N uptake was found in the ORG soil. However, at the flowering stage, ∼23–35% higher biomass was shifted to the root in the CONV soil. Matching responsive genotypes with organically enriched soils offers a sustainable strategy for the mustard production. Whereas for quality oil, genotype is more important than soil property.
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