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LoRa Synchronized Energy-Efficient LPWAN
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DOI：10.1109/ICC45041.2023.10279767.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
This work addresses the need for low-power wide-area networks (LPWANs) that remain energy efficient even when scaled to cover large geographic areas without power delivery infrastructure. LoRaWAN is a widely used LPWAN that requires a star (or star-of-stars) topology in which only leaf nodes are energy efficient enough to be powered by compact and inexpensive batteries. We describe the design of LoRa Synchronized Energy-Efficient LPWAN (SEEL), a novel protocol for multi-hop LoRa networks that allows battery-powered nodes to forward messages to difficult-to-access locations. SEEL performs link-quality-aware, dynamic formation of a tree topology network enabling nodes to deliver their packets to a central gateway while minimizing node energy consumption. We evaluate SEEL via a month-long deployment in an outdoor, real-world environment covering 9.0km(2) and analyze its delivery rates and energy efficiency; we find SEEL nodes, on average, function 6.6x as long as always-on nodes would in the same deployment setting. We conduct a follow-up deployment of SEEL to compare its dynamic network formation protocol with a static network formation protocol; the SEEL network drops 16% fewer node-to-node packets than would a static topology network, even in near-ideal circumstances for a static topology network.
Keywords:
LoRa
Low-Power
LPWAN
Multi-Hop
Time Synchronization
Tree Topology
Wireless Sensor Networks
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