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Low-Carbon Cements and Construction Durability: A Systematic Review
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DOI：10.3390/buildings16163197.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
The cement industry accounts for approximately 7% of global anthropogenic CO2 emissions, making clinker reduction, alternative binders, and carbon use and capture technologies essential mitigation strategies. However, decarbonization based on the replacement of clinkers with supplementary cementitious materials or alternative binders generally adjusts the materials’ physicochemical properties and reactivity. As these actions may have implications for durability and performance throughout the life cycle, this paper presents a systematic review, based on the Methodi Ordinatio approach, of studies published in the last decade in indexed databases that examine the relationship between low-emission cements, durability, and service life. Of 48 selected articles, most focused on quantifying CO2 avoidance through clinker reduction, without comprehensively addressing the use phase. When present in the literature, durability is found in studies of chloride penetration and carbonation resistance. However, no integrative chain studies or long-term studies focused on the durability of less emissive cement-based materials were identified. Across the reviewed studies, durability was mainly associated with changes in pore structure, hydration products, transport properties, and matrix alkalinity. Fine and reactive additions may promote pore refinement and restrict the ingress of aggressive agents, whereas extensive clinker replacement and portlandite consumption may reduce the alkaline reserve and increase carbonation susceptibility. However, these relationships are strongly dependent on binder composition, replacement level, and curing conditions, and were rarely evaluated together over sufficiently long periods.
Keywords:
service life
clinker
concrete
net zero
decarbonization
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3.1
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1.7W
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2.5W
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