Low flow liquid flowmetry. A tutorial review.

doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2026.129760

Low flow liquid flowmetry. A tutorial review.

2026-04-04

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Purnendu Κ. Dasgupta *

DOI：10.1016/j.talanta.2026.129760

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Abstract

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• Sub-mL/min liquid flow measurement is essential for analytical and biomedical systems. • Nine distinct flow-sensing principles for quantitative low-flow measurement are reviewed. • Innovative sensor architecture, materials, and fabrication have greatly improved performance. • Three decades of literature are analyzed. • Comparison of sensor principles highlights strengths, limitations, and applicability.

Keywords:

Low-flow measurement

Liquid flowmetry

Flow-sensing principles

Sensor design

Biomedical systems

Low flow liquid flowmetry. A tutorial review.

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