Mastocytosis

Cem Akin

doi:10.1038/s41572-025-00611-8

Mastocytosis

2025-04-24

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DOI：10.1038/s41572-025-00611-8

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Mastocytosis is a spectrum of clonal myeloid disorders defined by abnormal growth and accumulation of mast cells in various organ systems. The disease is divided into cutaneous mastocytosis, systemic mastocytosis (SM) and mast cell sarcoma. SM is further categorized into several non-advanced and advanced forms. The prognosis of cutaneous mastocytosis and non-advanced SM is mostly favourable, whereas prognosis and survival in advanced SM and mast cell sarcoma are poor. During the past 15 years, major advances have been made in the diagnosis, prognosis and management of patients with mast cell neoplasms. Management of mastocytosis consists of symptomatic therapy, including anti-mast cell mediator drugs, and cytoreductive agents for patients with advanced disease and selected individuals with non-advanced disease, as well as recognition and prevention of comorbidities such as osteoporosis and anaphylaxis. The preclinical and clinical development of KIT-D816V-targeting drugs, such as midostaurin or avapritinib, mark a milestone in improving management, the quality of life and survival in patients with SM. These agents induce major responses or even remission in people with advanced SM and lead to rapid improvement of mediator-related symptoms and quality of life in symptomatic patients. Mastocytosis is characterized by focal accumulations of clonal mast cells in the skin and/or in internal organs such as bone marrow, spleen, lymph nodes or the gastrointestinal tract. In this Primer, Akin et al. discuss the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and current management of mastocytosis, and future research areas.

Mastocytosis

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