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Material ejection attempts during laser keyhole welding
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DOI：10.1016/j.jmapro.2021.04.052.png)
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摘要
En 中文
Material loss during keyhole mode laser welding often leads to surface imperfections that can negatively impact component performance. High-speed imaging identified four types of material ejection attempts: classical spatter, re-captured spatter, protuberances, and scalloping. The momentum attributed to the melt body, which is influenced by the keyhole properties, dictates whether the ejection attempt is successful or if the material is recaptured. The relationship between the dynamics of the keyhole and melt pool was elaborated in an extended systematic description of melt ejection attempts, which were then classified. Ejection attempts were often observed to be proceeded by a co-current swelling of the melt, adjacent to the keyhole, followed by a melt depression. The melt swell would elongate into a melt column with a concentration of momentum, where excessive momentum causes the melt to neck and separate into spatter. Trajectory determines if the spatter becomes a permanent fixture or re-incorporates into the melt body, with the latter having the possibility to cause further melt body disturbances leading to more ejection attempts. If the melt column fails to neck and separate, or an additional force acts upon the column, a protuberance or a scallop could then form. Keyhole and melt pool fluctuations were sometimes observed to be accommodated, avoiding material ejection. In these cases, a stable weld could be obtained with large variations in the dimensions of the melt pool and the keyhole.
Keyword:
Spatter
Protuberance
Material ejection
Keyhole stability
Melt pool dynamics
Laser welding
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3.5W
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