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摘要
En 中文
Electrostriction is often described by a phenomenological tensor relating a material’s deformation to an applied electric field. However, this tensor is not a material parameter; for deformable, weakly compressible materials (e.g., elastomers), the field-induced deformations depend strongly upon boundary conditions. A different approach that relates the deformation to material properties as well as boundary conditions is required. In this article, we describe a linear theory which introduces five material parameters governing electrostriction: the relative dielectric constant, ε0, two derivatives of the dielectric constant tensor, a1 and a2, Young’s modulus, Ey and Poisson’s ratio, ν. Knowledge of these parameters and appropriate boundary conditions allow one to predict field-induced deformations for arbitrary configurations. We demonstrate an experimental procedure for measuring deformations and permittivity changes, from which the parameters a1 and a2 may be extracted (ε0, ν, and Ey can be measured by a variety of established methods). The linear theory reproduces experimental results for two polyurethane films at small to moderate electric field strengths. We find that the electrostatic force associated with the parameters a1 and a2 is at least ten times larger than the Coulombic attractive force between the electrodes.
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