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Maternal Retinal and Choroidal Microvascular Alterations in Late-onset Fetal Growth Restriction Assessed by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography
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DOI：10.1016/j.pdpdt.2026.105500.png)
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Abstract
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• Fetal growth restriction (FGR) occurs in 7-10% of pregnancies and is characterized by the fetus's inability to reach its expected genetic growth potential • Optical coherence tomography angiography is a recently introduced, non-invasive, and non-contact technique that allows for the visualization of choroidal and retinal microvascular circulation • Pregnant women with FGR exhibited a larger foveal avascular zone (FAZ) and reduced vessel density in both superficial and deep retinal capillary plexuses compared to healthy pregnancies. • Choroidal thickness was also lower in the FGR group compared to the appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) group. • A positive correlation was found between umbilical artery pulsatility index and deep capillary plexus vessel density, indicating a potential relationship between placental resistance and maternal retinal microvasculature. • OCTA is a promising non-invasive tool that may help in the early detection of systemic vascular changes in FGR pregnancies, contributing to better understanding and monitoring of placental insufficiency.
Keywords:
fetal growth restriction
foveal avascular zone
maternal microcirculation
optical coherence tomography angiography
retinal vessel density
umbilical artery pulsatility index
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