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Measuring foreign exposure
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DOI：10.1016/j.jinteco.2025.104126.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
• Foreign exposure affects all sectors, even services, through indirect trade. • Standard measures skip high-order trade or aren’t designed to capture exposure. • Our model-based measure tracks how output responds to foreign shocks. • This measure correlates with output responses in both model and data, unlike alternatives.
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