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Micrometre-scale refrigerators
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DOI：10.1088/0034-4885/75/4/046501.png)
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摘要
En 中文
A superconductor with a gap in the density of states or a quantum dot with discrete energy levels is a central building block in realizing an electronic on-chip cooler. They can work as energy filters, allowing only hot quasiparticles to tunnel out from the electrode to be cooled. This principle has been employed experimentally since the early 1990s in investigations and demonstrations of micrometre-scale coolers at sub-kelvin temperatures. In this paper, we review the basic experimental conditions in realizing the coolers and the main practical issues that are known to limit their performance. We give an update of experiments performed on cryogenic micrometre-scale coolers in the past five years.
Keyword:
HEAVILY-DOPED SILICON
ON-INSULATOR FILM
QUASI-PARTICLE
THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY
TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS
SUPERCONDUCTOR
THERMOMETRY
TRANSISTOR
ELECTRONS
期刊
IF:
20.7
论文数:
1.6K
被引数:
2.4W
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