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N2 Fixation by Plasma-Activated Processes
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DOI：10.1016/j.joule.2020.11.009.png)
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摘要
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Sustainable nitrogen fixation could offset the significant environmental and societal costs associated with the energy-intensive conventional Haber-Bosch process (HB). This perspective compares the energy requirements, CO2 emissions, and commodity prices associated with alternative plasma-activated ammonia synthesis to those for HB. The threshold efficiency required for a plasma process to become competitive is established for various scenarios of H-2 sources, energy sources from natural gas to CO2-free renewable energy, and carbon pricing policies. Economic positive externalities are evaluated for renewable energy-powered modular ammonia production, which is projected to become competitive upon achieving a 6-fold improvement in plasma process efficiency. The technological prospects for achieving the thresholds are discussed, including advancements in plasma-catalyst synergy, direct reactions of N-2 with plasma-activated water, and plasma N-2 oxidation. A comparison of theoretical energy minima reveals that the energy required for plasma-activated nitrogen fixation might be lower than that for HB.
Keyword:
AMMONIA-SYNTHESIS
NITROGEN-FIXATION
CATALYSIS
PRESSURE
ENERGY
PERFORMANCE
COMBUSTION
WATER
FUEL
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35.4
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2.3K
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4.5W
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