Nitrogen limitation and species balance trade-offs in C4 grass-legume mixtures: Evidence from the nitrogen nutrition index

2026-05-08

PRE

Nicolas Caram *

Lynn E. Sollenberger

Marcelo O. Wallau

Jose C.B. Dubeux

Chris Wilson

DOI：10.1016/j.eja.2026.128154

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Abstract

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• Legumes alleviate N-limited ecosystem productivity, likely improving species NNI. • Shape and extent of N alleviation along legume proportion gradients remain unclear. • Legume NNI was unaffected by its proportion; grass NNI increased quadratically. • Grass remained N-limited even at optimum legume (NNI ∼0.65): crucial for diversity. • Need to reinterpret NNI beyond its traditional yield-oriented implications.

Keywords:

Legumes

Nitrogen limitation

Species balance

NNI

Grass-legume mixtures

Nitrogen limitation and species balance trade-offs in C4 grass-legume mixtures: Evidence from the nitrogen nutrition index

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