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NLRs and STANDs: a class of enthalpy and entropy dual-driven allosteric switches varying information entropies
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DOI：10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2026.05.005.png)
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Abstract
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• The NLRs and their STAND homologs function as regulatory nexuses that control various fundamental biological processes in all kingdoms of life. • The activations of these signaling proteins are likely processes of entropy increment, but not entropy reduction. • In OFF-to-ON switching, these allosteric proteins integrate signaling information into the pathways with both thermodynamic and informational entropies increase. • In ON-to-OFF cycling, the ATP hydrolysis extinguishes the signaling, erases the information and resets the active multimers into the monomeric resting forms probably with decreased thermodynamic and informational entropies. • The varying Shannon entropies during signaling suggest that the fidelity of these signaling pathways is never at 100%, but adaptive to evolving conditions.
Keywords:
NLRs
STAND
allosteric switches
entropy
information fidelity
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