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On-Demand Hospital Manufacturing of Baclofen Lozenges Using Pharmaceutical 3D Printing

delete2026-08-11
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OA
AI
D
Daniel Grandal-Gonzalez
C
Carlos Bendicho‐Lavilla
E
Eduardo Díaz-Torres
R
Rocio Sanin-Fontela
M
María L. Couce
M
María José de Castro-López
I
Isabel González‐Álvarez
M
Marta González‐Álvarez
A
Alejandro Ruiz-Picazo
M
Marival Bermejo
P
Pedro García-Salom
A
Abdul W. Basit
C
Carmen Alvarez‐Lorenzo *
Á
Álvaro Goyanes *
DOI:10.1007/s11095-026-04164-7delete
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Abstract

Abstract

En 中文
Dysphagia in neurological patients complicates oral drug administration. Manual preparation of lozenges/troches lacks precision and scalability. This study investigates the feasibility of implementing a pharmaceutical 3D printer in a hospital pharmacy for the automated production of personalized baclofen troches. Baclofen troches were manufactured in a hospital pharmacy setting, both manually and via pharmaceutical 3D printer. Quality was evaluated using Process Analytical Technologies (PAT). Performance was assessed through European Pharmacopoeia (EP) tests for drug content, mass uniformity, in vitro dissolution, disintegration, and a six-month stability study. Printed troches complied with all EP acceptance criteria for drug content and mass uniformity, whereas manual formulations failed, particularly at the lowest dose. Printed troches demonstrated immediate drug release, consistent quality across batches, and remained stable for six months. 3D printing showed superior precision over traditional manual compounding. This research describes the first successful implementation of an automated blister-filling workflow using a pharmaceutical 3D printer within a hospital pharmacy setting, spanning from manufacturing and dispensing to direct patient administration. The automated approach provides a significant advancement in personalized medicine, ensuring safer, more accurate, and efficient treatment options for patients with specific needs like dysphagia.
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Journal

Pharmaceutical Research cover
Pharmaceutical Research
IF:
4.3
Papers:
7.9K
Citations:
2.0W

Organization

D
dr. balmis general university hospital
Scholars:
28
Papers: 8
Citations: 0
U
UCL School of Pharmacy
Scholars:
61
Papers: 26
Citations: 0
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