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On the Treatment of Optical Amplifier Noise in Amplified Analog Photonic Links

delete2026-05-28
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A
Alexander S. Hastings
M
Matthew J. Mondich
K
Keith J. Williams
DOI:10.1109/jlt.2026.3697978delete
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Abstract

Abstract

En 中文
A new theoretical model is developed to describe signal-spontaneous noise in optically-amplified externally-modulated analog photonic links. The model is applied to an optically-amplified phase-modulated link with an unbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI). Theoretically calculated results obtained with the model are compared to measured data to confirm their validity. Theory and measurement both show that a phase-modulated link employing optical amplification and an MZI cannot cancel signal-spontaneous noise to achieve the shot noise limit. To attain the shot noise limit, a high-power low-noise laser is used instead of optical amplification. For this phase-modulated link, a minimum RF noise figure of 7.6 dB is achieved experimentally. Finally, the theoretical model is applied to an optically-amplified dual-output intensity-modulated link to show that signal-spontaneous noise cancels as expected when the modulator is biased at quadrature.
Keywords:
Amplified photonic links
intensity modulation
noise cancellation
noise figure
phase modulation
photonic links
photonics
signal-spontaneous noise

Journal

Journal of Lightwave Technology cover
Journal of Lightwave Technology
IF:
4.8
Papers:
1.7W
Citations:
3.8W

Organization

N
Naval Research Laboratory
Scholars:
169
Papers: 104
Citations: 243
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