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Open Hardware for Electrostatic Discharge Testing
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DOI：10.1109/ACCESS.2026.3665529.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Open hardware for electrostatic discharge pre-compliance immunity testing is presented. This system is based on a digitally controlled high-voltage source featuring a custom-designed step-up transformer, a capacitive voltage multiplier, and an innovative printed pulse shaper. The voltage multiplier consists of a cascade arrangement of capacitors and diodes, allowing it to provide a constant output voltage in the range from −15 kV to 15 kV for the pulse shaper in accordance with the IEC 61000-4-2:2025 standard. The high-voltage source is designed for burst outputs, capable of stepping up constant voltages from 5 V to ±15 kV. The novel pulse shaper, printed on FR4 substrate, was designed and optimized using circuit analysis and full-wave electromagnetic solvers to generate standard current pulses for contact electrostatic discharges. Measurements, verified in an accredited electromagnetic compatibility laboratory, indicate that the proposed open-hardware electrostatic-discharge generator produces the required voltages and contact-discharge current pulses within standard tolerances. The design choices prioritize ease of reproducibility, manual assembly, and the use of widely available components. All production files and accompanying microcontroller software are publicly accessible and released under the CERN Open Hardware License to foster innovation, promote collaborative design practices and enable broader access to electrostatic discharge pre-compliance immunity testing.
Keywords:
Electrostatic discharges
electrostatic discharge immunity testing
high voltage
microcontrollers
open hardware
step-up transformer
voltage multiplier
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