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Optimization of thermophysical properties of CuO-MWCNT/ethylene glycol–water hybrid nanofluid using SVR-SA models for heat-exchanger systems
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DOI：10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.102185.png)
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Abstract
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• SVR models achieve ultra-low MSE for viscosity (8.36 × 10−5) and thermal conductivity (3.67 × 10−4). • Near-perfect correlation: R > 0.999 for viscosity, R > 0.997 for thermal conductivity (test sets). • Relative errors remain exceptionally low: ≤0.74% (viscosity), ≤0.42% (thermal conductivity). • Pareto-optimal solutions cluster at 50 °C, with viscosity: 2.725–2.884 mPa·s. • Optimal nanoparticle concentration: 0.0005–0.0037 vol% (broad, industrially range).
Keywords:
Nanofluid
Viscosity
Thermal conductivity
Support vector regression
Multi-objective optimization
NSGA-II
Pareto-optimal solution
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