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Organic amendments alter aggregate-scale microbial communities linked to carbon sequestration in Mollisols
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DOI：10.1016/j.apsoil.2026.107319.png)
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Abstract
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Soil aggregates of different sizes provide distinct ecological niches for microbial communities, which perform specific functions in carbon (C) transformation. This highlights the importance of aggregate-scale microbial diversity in the sequestration of exogenous C sources, while relevant microbial mechanisms remain unclear. This study examined the effects of a decade-long organic amendment (cattle manure and crop residue) compared to chemical fertilizer application and a no-fertilizer control, on microbial community diversity and metabolic profiles across soil aggregate fractions in a Mollisol under a maize-soybean rotation system. 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing (Illumina MiSeq) and metagenomic sequencing (Illumina NovaSeq) were employed to characterize microbial taxonomic composition and functional gene profiles, respectively. Relative to the no-fertilizer control, manure amendment increased soil organic carbon (SOC) by 33–72% and nitrogen (N) accumulation by 33–95% across aggregates. Taxonomic analysis indicated that manure amendment led to a marked shift of microbial community composition, notably enriching copiotrophic Bacteroidota, which thrive in C-rich environments. Compared to the high C/N crop residue, the application of low C/N manure significantly reduced microbial community diversity and network complexity across aggregate fractions, but the changes were more pronounced in microaggregates. Metagenomic analysis further revealed significant upregulation of functional genes associated with hemicellulose and pectin degradation, while genes linked to chitin and lignin degradation were significantly downregulated across aggregate fractions. Moreover, a strong correlation was found between C and N mineralization genes. These findings suggest that long-term manure amendment, while enhancing SOC and specific microbial functions, may reduce microbial community structural complexity in C-rich environments. Thus, under manure amendment, the potential adverse effects of a less complex microbial community on the sequestration of quality SOC should be taken into account when developing fertilization strategies in Mollisol regions.
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