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Pathway development for brewer’s spent grain valorization using multi-objective optimization
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DOI：10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115558.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
• Multi-objective optimization framework applied to BSG biorefinery design. • Animal feed is the most profitable, while compost shows lowest carbon footprint. • Ethanol and hydrochar emerge as promising R&D investment targets. • Cascade routes could maximize BSG fraction use with mass, energy and process synergy. • Open-source software OUTDOOR aids decision-making simplifying superstructure mapping.
Keywords:
Superstructure Optimization
Early-Stage Biorefinery Design
Minimum Selling Price
Carbon Footprint Analysis
OUTDOOR
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