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PFAS and heavy metals mixture in vitro: Insights into synergistic toxicity across multiple cell lines
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DOI：10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100913.png)
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Abstract
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• Human-relevant PFAS (1 µM) and heavy metals (0.01 µM) were modeled. • PFAS and heavy metals show dose- & ratio-dependent synergistic/antagonistic effects. • Co-exposure to PFAS and metals can cause cell specific responses in various lines. • Liver and lung cells had reduced viability, likely from DNA damage by mixtures.
Keywords:
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances
Heavy metals
DNA damage
In vitro
PFAS–heavy metal mixture
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