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PIGU expression is associated with poor prognosis and estimated immune cell infiltration in breast invasive carcinoma
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DOI：10.1038/s41598-026-66066-3.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Breast invasive carcinoma (BRCA) is a major cause of cancer-related mortality in women. PIGU, a subunit of the GPI-anchor biosynthesis complex, has been reported to be dysregulated in several cancers; however, its prognostic value and immune-related associations in BRCA remain unclear. We analyzed TCGA and GEO datasets to evaluate PIGU expression and its prognostic significance and association with immune infiltration patterns. Survival analyses, Cox regression, nomogram construction, functional enrichment, and estimated immune infiltration analyses were performed. Findings were validated in clinical tissue samples using qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting. PIGU expression was significantly higher in BRCA tissues than in normal controls, with good discrimination between tumor and normal samples in the TCGA cohort (AUC = 0.908). High PIGU expression was associated with poorer overall survival after adjustment for clinicopathological variables. Functional enrichment analysis identified cell cycle and proteasome-related pathways among genes correlated with PIGU expression. Importantly, PIGU expression positively correlated with Th2 cells and negatively with CD8⁺ T cells and plasmacytoid dendritic cells, suggesting that higher PIGU expression is associated with a Th2-high/CD8 T-cell-low/pDC-low immune infiltration profile. Experimental validation confirmed significant upregulation of PIGU at both the mRNA and protein levels in clinical breast cancer tissues. These findings suggest that PIGU may represent a candidate prognostic biomarker in BRCA. However, functional studies are required to determine whether PIGU expression is directly involved in tumor-related biological processes or immune-associated changes in BRCA.
Keywords:
PIGU
BRCA
Prognosis
Biomarker
Survival
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