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Precision medicine in mental health: applications; challenges; and recommendations
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DOI：10.1192/j.eurpsy.2026.12210.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Mental disorders represent a major and growing public health challenge in Europe and worldwide; characterised by marked clinical; biological; and functional heterogeneity; that limits the effectiveness of current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. In recent years; advances in precision medicine have initiated a paradigm shift in psychiatry; offering new opportunities to improve prevention; prediction; diagnosis; treatment selection; and long-term management by integrating biological; psychological; social; and environmental information.This EPA Guidance Paper provides an overview of the current state of precision medicine in mental health and outlines its potential clinical; scientific; and policy implications. We review key advances in genomics; epigenetics; neuroimaging; transcriptomics; digital technologies; and artificial intelligence; highlighting their relevance across the full clinical pathway; from risk prediction and early detection to treatment personalisation and monitoring. We also examine major barriers to implementation; including limited biomarker validation; insufficient representativeness of research populations; ethical and regulatory challenges; data protection concerns; and inequalities in access across healthcare systems.Based on the available evidence; we propose strategic recommendations to support the responsible and equitable integration of precision approaches into mental health care in Europe. These include strengthening translational research; promoting multidisciplinary collaboration; updating regulatory and ethical frameworks; enhancing professional training; and prioritising mental health within national and European research and health agendas. By addressing these challenges; precision psychiatry has the potential to contribute to more effective; person-centred; and sustainable mental health care; while supporting innovation; reducing stigma; and improving outcomes for patients and society.
Keywords:
artificial intelligence
biomarkers
digital mental health
personalised medicine
Precision psychiatry
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