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Prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and threat processing: implications for PTSD
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DOI：10.1038/s41386-021-01155-7.png)
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Posttraumatic stress disorder can be viewed as a disorder of fear dysregulation. An abundance of research suggests that the prefrontal cortex is central to fear processing-that is, how fears are acquired and strategies to regulate or diminish fear responses. The current review covers foundational research on threat or fear acquisition and extinction in nonhuman animals, healthy humans, and patients with posttraumatic stress disorder, through the lens of the involvement of the prefrontal cortex in these processes. Research harnessing advances in technology to further probe the role of the prefrontal cortex in these processes, such as the use of optogenetics in rodents and brain stimulation in humans, will be highlighted, as well other fear regulation approaches that are relevant to the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder and involve the prefrontal cortex, namely cognitive regulation and avoidance/active coping. Despite the large body of translational research, many questions remain unanswered and posttraumatic stress disorder remains difficult to treat. We conclude by outlining future research directions related to the role of the prefrontal cortex in fear processing and implications for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder.
Keyword:
POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER
COGNITIVE EMOTION REGULATION
CONDITIONED FEAR ACQUISITION
DIFFERENTIAL CONTRIBUTION
ANTERIOR CINGULATE
FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIVITY
INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES
BASOLATERAL AMYGDALA
POTENTIATED STARTLE
DOUBLE DISSOCIATION
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