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Process window design for binder minimized low pressure biomass briquetting
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DOI：10.3389/fenrg.2026.1872369.png)
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Abstract
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Biomass briquetting converts loose agricultural; forestry and organic residues into solid fuels with improved density; storage stability and combustion potential. Existing reviews have summarized briquette binders; quality parameters; densification mechanisms and techno economic aspects; but low pressure and binder minimized briquetting for decentralized clean fuel systems remains insufficiently organized. This mini review reframes low pressure biomass briquetting as a process window design problem rather than a single parameter optimization task. The proposed framework links feedstock composition; particle size; moisture content; compaction pressure; dwell time; binder demand; drying behaviour; mechanical durability and combustion emission performance. The central argument is that low pressure briquetting should not aim only to maximize density or compressive strength. Instead; it should identify a locally workable operating region in which briquettes are mechanically stable; clean burning; affordable and compatible with household; community or small enterprise energy systems. Recent studies show that feedstock blending; moderate compaction; moisture assisted bonding; biomass derived binders and simple pretreatment improve briquette performance; whereas excessive binder use; uncontrolled moisture and unsafe waste blending reduce fuel quality. Future research should integrate process window mapping; binder demand decision tools; standardized cookstove emission testing; techno economic analysis and life cycle evaluation.
Keywords:
circular bioeconomy
decentralized energy
biomass briquette
process window
binder minimization
clean combustion
low-pressure densification
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