Quantifying the water–energy–food–carbon nexus and carbon-emission transmission pathways in grain production: Evidence from 340 Chinese cities

Yuling Wen

doi:10.1016/j.agsy.2026.104923

Quantifying the water–energy–food–carbon nexus and carbon-emission transmission pathways in grain production: Evidence from 340 Chinese cities

2026-08-07

0

PRE

AI

Y

Yuling Wen

陈

陈振杰 (Zhenjie Chen) *

M

Manchun Li *

J

Jiale Liang

DOI：10.1016/j.agsy.2026.104923

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Abstract

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• Pioneered the quantification of WEFC nexus linkages in grain production. • Combined XGBoost–SHAP and PLS-SEM to identify predictors, nonlinear responses, and pathways. • CEGP declined during 2013–2023 but remained spatially uneven across China. • Identified a dominant chain: socioeconomic conditions–inputs–water and energy use–CEGP. • National standardized path coefficients: W → E 0.360, E → C 0.270, W → F 0.256, E → F 0.141.

Keywords:

Water–energy–food–carbon nexus

Grain production

Carbon emissions

XGBoost

PLS-SEM

Quantifying the water–energy–food–carbon nexus and carbon-emission transmission pathways in grain production: Evidence from 340 Chinese cities

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