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RAID5 performance with distributed sparing
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DOI：10.1109/71.595583.png)
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Distributed sparing is a method to improve the performance of RAID5 disk arrays with respect to a dedicated sparing system with N + 2 disks (including the spare disk), since it utilizes the bandwidth of all N + 2 disks. We analyze the performance of RAIDS with distributed sparing in normal mode, degraded mode, and rebuild mode in an OLTP environment, which implies small reads and writes. The analysis in normal mode uses an M/G/1 queuing model, which takes into account the components of disk service time. In degraded mode, a low-cost approximate method is developed to estimate the mean response time of fork-join requests resulting from accesses to recreate lost data on the failed disk. Rebuild mode performance is analyzed by considering an M/G/1 vacationing server model with multiple vacations of different types to take into account differences in processing requirements for reading the first and subsequent tracks. An iterative solution method is used to estimate the mean response time of disk requests, as well as the time to read each disk, which is shown to be quite accurate through validation against simulation results. We next compare RAIDS performance in a system 1) without a cache; 2) with a cache; and 3) with a nonvolatile storage (NVS) cache. The last configuration, in addition to improved read response time due to cache hits, provides a fast-write capability, such that dirty blocks can be destaged asynchronously and at a lower priority than read requests, resulting In an improvement in read response time. The small write penalty is also reduced due to the possibility of repeated writes to dirty blocks in the cache and by taking advantage of disk geometry to efficiently destage multiple blocks at a time.
Keyword:
RAID5 disk arrays
dedicated sparing
distributed sparing
disk failures
fault-tolerance
operation in degraded mode
rebuild processing
striping unit
small-write syndrome
disk cache
nonvolatile storage
fast writes
disk zoning
performance analysis
queuing theory
MIG/1 queues
fork-join synchronization
vacationing server model
disk response time
rebuild time
nonpreemptive and preemptive priority queuing
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