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Reducing Dielectric Fluid in Current Transformers via Hybrid Ester-Gel Insulation
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DOI：10.1109/TPWRD.2026.3651938.png)
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Abstract
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This letter presents a novel hybrid dielectric system for current transformers (CTs) designed to reduce dielectric fluid volume while maintaining thermal and dielectric performance. The proposed approach incorporates a metallic joint bellow with a hybrid insulation scheme that employs synthetic ester in the upper section and silicone gel in the bushing section of the CT. Numerical Finite Elements (FEM) simulations are conducted to evaluate the dielectric field distribution and thermal behavior under rated operation conditions. Results indicate that the bellow modification alone reduces the dielectric fluid volume by 16.4%, while the hybrid configuration achieves a total reduction of 36.5% when compared to the original design. Electric field simulations reveal a decrease of about 10% in maximum field intensity in critical regions, attributed to the dielectric properties of the alternative materials. Thermal simulations confirm that the proposed configuration maintains equivalent heat dissipation to the original design (same hot spot value). The solution is technically viable, allows material volume savings, and improves operational reliability without any loss of performance.
Keywords:
Dielectrics
Fluids
Moisture
Dielectric liquids
Oils
Insulation
Thermal stability
Current transformers
Electric fields
Geometry
Current transformers (CTs)
dielectric system
electric field analysis
silicone gel
synthetic ester
thermal analysis
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