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RL-based anticipatory routing and matching in on-demand ridepooling
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DOI:10.1016/j.trc.2026.105898.png)
Abstract
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• Demonstrate that fixed anticipation parameters cannot adapt to evolving supply-demand conditions, limiting system efficiency over time. • Propose a GNN+TD3 reinforcement learning framework that dynamically adjusts the level of anticipation in real-time routing and matching decisions. • Discover a “seed-and-harvest” behavioral pattern emerging from RL, where the policy invests in future fleet positioning early and switches to greedy optimization as the system saturates. • The policy generalizes robustly across fleet sizes (1,000–2,000 vehicles) and stochastic travel times without retraining.
Keywords:
On-demand ridepooling
Reinforcement learning
Anticipatory matching
Anticipatory routing
Graph neural networks
Journal
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7.9
Papers:
4.7K
Citations:
3.2W
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