.png){kind=icon}
返回
RxLR Effectors: Master Modulators, Modifiers and Manipulators
.png){kind=icon}
OA
AI
DOI：10.1094/MPMI-05-23-0054-CR.png)
.png){kind=icon}
原文求助.png){kind=icon}
分享.png){kind=icon}
收藏
摘要
En 中文
Cytoplasmic effectors with an Arg-any amino acid-Arg-Leu (RxLR) motif are encoded by hundreds of genes within the genomes of oomycete Phytophthora spp. and downy mildew pathogens. There has been a dramatic increase in our understanding of the evolution, function, and recognition of these effectors. Host proteins with a wide range of subcellular localizations and functions are targeted by RxLR effectors. Many processes are manipulated, including transcription, post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation and ubiquitination, secretion, and intracellular trafficking. This involves an array of RxLR effector modes-of-action, including stabilization or destabilization of protein targets, altering or disrupting protein complexes, inhibition or utility of target enzyme activities, and changing the location of protein targets. Interestingly, approximately 50% of identified host proteins targeted by RxLR effectors are negative regulators of immunity. Avirulence RxLR effectors may be directly or indirectly detected by nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat resistance (NLR) proteins. Direct recognition by a single NLR of RxLR effector orthologues conserved across multiple Phytophthora pathogens may provide wide protection of diverse crops. Failure of RxLR effectors to interact with or appropriately manipulate target proteins in nonhost plants has been shown to restrict host range. This knowledge can potentially be exploited to alter host targets to prevent effector interaction, providing a barrier to host infection. Finally, recent evidence suggests that RxLR effectors, like cytoplasmic effectors from fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae, may enter host cells via clathrin-mediated endocytosis.Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
Keyword:
effector targets
effector-triggered susceptibility
oomycete
RxLR and EER motifs
susceptibility factor
期刊
IF:
24.1
论文数:
6.9K
被引数:
2.8W
机构
引用论文
Long-Term Safety of Fingolimod in Patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: Results from Phase 3 FREEDOMS II Extension Study (P01.165).png)
Neurology
NeurologyIF0
PREAI
分享收藏Host autophagy machinery is diverted to the pathogen interface to mediate focal defense responses against the Irish potato famine pathogenELIFE
OAAI
ELIFEIF0
OAAI分享收藏The Plant Ubiquitin-Proteasome System as a Target for Microbial Manipulation植物泛素-蛋白酶体系统作为微生物操作的靶标OAAI
OAAI分享收藏The RXLR Effector PcAvh1 Is Required for Full Virulence of Phytophthora capsici辣椒疫霉菌的完全毒力需要RXLR效应子PcAvh1molecular plantOAAI
molecular plantIF3.4
OAAI分享收藏A Phytophthora capsici Effector Targets ACD11 Binding Partners that Regulate ROS-Mediated Defense Response in ArabidopsisMOLECULAR PLANTOAAI
MOLECULAR PLANTIF24.1
OAAI分享收藏Multiple downy mildew effectors target the stress-related NAC transcription factor LsNAC069 in lettucePLANT JOURNALOAAI
PLANT JOURNALIF5.7
OAAI分享收藏
查看更多内容