Setting Boundaries for Statistical Mechanics

doi:10.3390/molecules27228017

2022-11-18

Bob Eisenberg *

DOI：10.3390/molecules27228017

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摘要

En 中文

Statistical mechanics has grown without bounds in space. Statistical mechanics of noninteracting point particles in an unbounded perfect gas is widely used to describe liquids like concentrated salt solutions of life and electrochemical technology, including batteries. Liquids are filled with interacting molecules. A perfect gas is a poor model of a liquid. Statistical mechanics without spatial bounds is impossible as well as imperfect, if molecules interact as charged particles, as nearly all atoms do. The behavior of charged particles is not defined until boundary structures and values are defined because charges are governed by Maxwell's partial differential equations. Partial differential equations require boundary structures and conditions. Boundary conditions cannot be defined uniquely 'at infinity' because the limiting process that defines 'infinity' includes such a wide variety of structures and behaviors, from elongated ellipses to circles, from light waves that never decay, to dipolar fields that decay steeply, to Coulomb fields that hardly decay at all. Boundaries and boundary conditions needed to describe matter are not prominent in classical statistical mechanics. Statistical mechanics of bounded systems is described in the EnVarA system of variational mechanics developed by Chun Liu, more than anyone else. EnVarA treatment does not yet include Maxwell equations.

Keyword:

statistical mechanics

Maxwell equations

variational methods

EnVarA

boundary conditions

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期刊

Molecules

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4.6

论文数:

6.5W

被引数:

23.7W

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Illinois Institute of Technology

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3.8K

论文数: 3.9K

被引数: 4.2K

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