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Short-term body mass effects of different high-intensity interval training doses combined with a standardized low-calorie diet in male adolescents with obesity: a randomized controlled trial
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DOI：10.1186/s40001-026-04715-z.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
The rising prevalence of adolescent obesity underscores the urgent need to identify effective and feasible exercise interventions for healthy weight management. To investigate the short-term effects of different doses of supervised high-intensity interval training (HIIT), delivered within a standardized low-calorie diet and closed-management program, on total body mass change, metabolic outcomes, exercise enjoyment, fatigue, and urinary bile acid profiles in male adolescents with obesity. Eighty-one male adolescents with obesity were randomly assigned to one of three groups: 30-min HIIT (HIIT-30), 60-min HIIT (HIIT-60), or 90-min HIIT (HIIT-90). All participants received the same standardized low-calorie diet under closed management. The HIIT-30 group performed 30 min of supervised HIIT daily, whereas the HIIT-60 and HIIT-90 groups performed two and three cycles of the same 30-min protocol, respectively. Anthropometric measures and targeted urinary bile acid profiles were assessed at baseline and on Days 4, 6, and 8, with Day 8 representing the morning after completion of the 7-day intervention. Exercise enjoyment and fatigue were recorded daily. Under the combined low-calorie diet and supervised HIIT program, all three groups showed short-term reductions in total body mass (− 2.8 to− 4.3 kg, all p < 0.01), BMI (− 1.0 to − 1.5 kg/m2, p = 0.006), waist circumference (− 4.1 to − 10.9 cm, all p < 0.01), and hip circumference (− 1.8 to − 5.5 cm, all p < 0.01). HIIT-90 showed earlier reductions in total body mass and waist circumference than HIIT-30 by Day 4, whereas both HIIT-60 and HIIT-90 showed greater total body mass reductions than HIIT-30 by Day 8; however, most differences between HIIT-60 and HIIT-90 were not significant. ALT decreased in HIIT-60 (p = 0.002) and HIIT-90 (p = 0.012), and γ-GT decreased only in HIIT-90 (p = 0.017), while glucose, insulin, and lipid indices showed no significant changes. Exercise enjoyment was modestly higher in HIIT-60 than in HIIT-30 (p = 0.013), and fatigue peaked mid-intervention without significant between-group differences. Exploratory urinary bile acid analyses showed measurable changes in selected bile acids, including CA, TCA, DCA, LCA, and GCDCA. A 7-day closed-management program combining a standardized low-calorie diet with supervised HIIT was associated with short-term reductions in total body mass and selected anthropometric measures in male adolescents with obesity. Higher HIIT volumes showed earlier changes in some outcomes; however, causal attribution is limited, and the composition of body mass reduction remains uncertain because no diet-only control group or body composition assessment was included. Early body mass changes may partly reflect acute caloric deficit, glycogen depletion, and water loss. The urinary bile acid findings should be considered exploratory and hypothesis-generating. Trial registration The trial was retrospectively registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (Registration No.: ChiCTR2600116992) on January 18, 2026. The primary outcome was specified before data analysis.
Keywords:
Adolescent obesity
Short-term intervention
High-intensity interval training
Exercise dose
Body mass change
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