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Spatial and Economic Prioritization for Distributed Wind
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DOI：10.5194/wes-2025-213.png)
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Abstract. This study investigates how distributed wind (DW) energy could be strategically deployed in areas with elevated energy burdens by analyzing spatial; economic; and demographic factors. We use a set of metrics that incorporate residential and macroeconomic variables; including algebraic transformations of energy burden to better capture affordability across different income levels. These metrics are correlated with demand-adjusted annual energy production; which reflects DW potential across residential; commercial; and industrial sectors. Using mixed-effects modeling and state-level fixed-effects regressions; we identify key covariates associated with high energy burden. Our results reveal significant geographic variability both across and within states; with stronger correlations between DW potential and residential energy burden in regions where burden is closely tied to poverty rates and agricultural activities. Based on these patterns; we group states into two categories and special cases reflecting correlation strength and DW potential; highlighting potential opportunities to improve energy affordability through targeted siting of distributed wind projects.
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