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Stacking-Based Deep Neural Network: Deep Analytic Network for Pattern Classification
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DOI：10.1109/TCYB.2019.2908387.png)
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摘要
En 中文
Stacking-based deep neural network (S-DNN) is aggregated with pluralities of basic learning modules, one after another, to synthesize a deep neural network (DNN) alternative for pattern classification. Contrary to the DNNs trained from end to end by backpropagation (BP), each S-DNN layer, that is, a self-learnable module, is to be trained decisively and independently without BP intervention. In this paper, a ridge regression-based S-DNN, dubbed deep analytic network (DAN), along with its kernelization (K-DAN), are devised for multilayer feature relearning from the pre-extracted baseline features and the structured features. Our theoretical formulation demonstrates that DAN/K-DAN relearn by perturbing the intra/interclass variations, apart from diminishing the prediction errors. We scrutinize the DAN/K-DAN performance for pattern classification on datasets of varying domains-faces, handwritten digits, generic objects, to name a few. Unlike the typical BP-optimized DNNs to be trained from gigantic datasets by GPU, we reveal that DAN/K-DAN are trainable using only CPU even for small-scale training sets. Our experimental results show that DAN/K-DAN outperform the present S-DNNs and also the BP-trained DNNs, including multiplayer perceptron, deep belief network, etc., without data augmentation applied.
Keyword:
Kernel
Training
Neural networks
Graphics processing units
Principal component analysis
Convolution
Cybernetics
Deep analytic network (DAN)
face recognition
object recognition
pattern classification
stacking-based deep neural network (S-DNN)
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期刊
IF:
10.5
论文数:
1.1W
被引数:
5.0W
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