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Stand age-associated shifts in rhizosphere microbiomes and soil nutrient availability in Salix integra plantations
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DOI：10.1016/j.rhisph.2026.101406.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
To clarify how stand age is associated with soil nutrient dynamics and rhizosphere microbiome assembly in Salix integra Thunb. plantations, this study investigated one-, three-, and seven-year-old plantations of the ‘Da Hong Pi’ cultivar. Soil physicochemical properties, including pH, organic matter, and total and available forms of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, were measured. In parallel, 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing was used to characterize the diversity, composition, co-occurrence networks, and predicted functional profiles of rhizosphere and bulk soil bacterial communities. Partial least squares path modeling was applied to explore the relationships among stand age, soil properties, microbial communities, and plant growth performance. The results showed that total nutrient pools generally differed among plantation categories, whereas labile nutrient availability, particularly alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and available phosphorus, showed stage- and site-specific variation. Rhizosphere and bulk soil bacterial communities were clearly differentiated across plantation categories. Bacterial community composition, network structure, and predicted functional profiles also varied among plantation categories, with rhizosphere microbial variables showing stronger internal associations than those in bulk soil. Because the sampled plantations differed in soil texture, fertilization regime, irrigation, and pest history, the observed patterns should be interpreted as site- and stand age-associated rather than as evidence of stand age effects alone. These findings highlight the rhizosphere as an important interface linking soil nutrient availability with plant growth performance in S. integra plantations and provide a basis for improving nutrient management and sustainable cultivation.
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