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Stress-Strain Plots for Fabricated Dissimilar Metal Additive Walls by Ramberg-Osgood Equation
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DOI：10.1007/s11665-026-13804-3.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Accurately modeling tensile behavior of dissimilar metal structures fabricated via Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) remains challenging due to compositional gradients and anisotropic deformation. In this study, a modified Ramberg-Osgood (RO) model is developed and validated for predicting the nonlinear stress-strain behavior of a WAAM-fabricated dissimilar metal stainless steel 304 (SS304)-Inconel 625 (IN625) wall. The additively built wall exhibited a yield strength of 392 MPa, ultimate tensile strength of 599 MPa, and elongation of 36%, demonstrating superior strength compared to monolithic SS304 while maintaining comparable ductility to IN625. The modified RO formulation effectively captured the elastic-plastic transition with high accuracy (R2 = 0.93-0.96), confirming its reliability for dissimilar AM structures. The higher strain-hardening exponent (n = 12.23) of the bimetallic wall is observed than its counterparts due to variation in the delta-ferrite content. Microstructural and fractographic examinations revealed sound metallurgical bonding, epitaxial grain growth, and ductile fracture with failure initiating near the SS304 region. The proposed model offers a simplified yet accurate framework for describing deformation in dissimilar WAAM builds. These findings establish the mechanical reliability and predictive modeling potential of multi-material WAAM components for aerospace, marine, and energy application.
Keywords:
dissimilar metal additive wall
ductile mode of failure
microstructure
scanning electron microscope
wire arc additive manufacturing
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