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Study on the structure evolution and sodium storage mechanism of biomass hard carbon induced by regulating carbonization temperature
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DOI：10.1016/j.mseb.2026.119284.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Hard carbon (HC) is regarded as one of the most promising negative electrode materials for sodium-ion batteries in terms of commercial application prospects. However, the complex microstructure of HC has led to controversy regarding its sodium storage mechanism. In this paper, HC with different degrees of graphitization was obtained by regulating the carbonization temperature, and the regulation of the closed pores of HC and its sodium storage mechanism were studied. The experimental results indicate that elevating the carbonization temperature can improve the closed pores of HC and enhance its plateau capacity. Following heat treatment at 1500 degrees C, a HC anode with an optimized pore structure (HC-1500-1 h) was successfully fabricated. The presence of an abundant closed-cell architecture provides ample space for sodium ion (Na+) storage and diffusion, thereby enabling the material to deliver a reversible capacity of 314 mAh g-1 at a current density of 30 mA g-1, with the plateau capacity contributing 64.26% of the total capacity. Even when the current density was increased to 300 mA g-1, the material retained a specific capacity of 230 mAh g-1.
Keywords:
Sodium-ion battery
Negative electrode
Hard carbon
Pyrolysis
Journal
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