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SUSTAINABILITY OF THE PRINTING INDUSTRY IN THE VISEGRAD GROUP COUNTRIES: ECONOMIC, ECOLOGICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES IN THE ERA OF INDUSTRY 5.0
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DOI：10.17270/J.LOG.001372.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Background: The printing industry remains a vital component of the information, cultural, and manufacturing ecosystem, yet it is undergoing profound structural transformation driven by digitalisation, automation, and the emerging human-centric paradigm of Industry 5.0. This study investigates the development of the printing sector in the Visegrad Four (V4) countries through an integrated economic, ecological, and technological perspective, with emphasis on technological readiness, sustainability transitions, and long-term competitive capacity. Methods: A mixed-method research design was applied, combining bibliometric analysis with quantitative evaluation based on Eurostat structural business statistics covering the period 2012-2024. Economic performance across the V4 countries was assessed using descriptive indicators and one-way ANOVA, while the ALR framework was employed to support interpretation of sustainability performance and technological readiness. All assumptions required for ANOVA were verified and satisfied. Results: The findings reveal statistically significant differences in the economic performance of the V4 printing industries, with 99.91% of the total variance attributable to inter-country disparities. Poland exhibits a pronounced three- to four-fold advantage in key indicators, including sectoral GDP contribution, sales, exports, and number of enterprises, reflecting higher levels of technological integration and innovation capacity. These results highlight the central role of digitalisation, automation, and sustainability-oriented technological upgrading in shaping regional competitiveness. Conclusions: This study advances an integrative analytical model linking the adoption of Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0 to sustainability outcomes and adaptive competitiveness within the printing industry. The results contribute to ongoing theoretical discourse on sustainable industrial transformation and offer actionable implications for policy formulation, innovation support, and technological upgrading across the EU, particularly in regions affected by structural disparities in digital readiness.
Keywords:
printing industry
Industry 4.0
Industry 5.0
sustainability
Visegrad Four
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