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T cells in antibody-associated CNS autoimmunity: a mechanistic approach across autoimmune encephalitis and paraneoplastic disorders

delete2026-04-15
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PRE
AI
L
Leypoldt, Franka, b
S
Scheffold, Alexanderc
S
Saggau, Carinac
DOI:10.1097/WCO.0000000000001492delete
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Abstract

Abstract

En 中文
Autoimmune encephalitis (AE), paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNS), and glial antibody–mediated disorders (for example, AQP4-NMOSD) are traditionally classified based on the target antigens of their respective autoantibodies. However, recent insights from immunogenomics, single-cell sequencing, and neuropathology indicate that T cell programs substantially influence disease initiation, localization, and chronicity. This review highlights three emerging dimensions of T-cell involvement – circulating exhausted-like helper T-cell memory, intrathecal T–B cooperation, and parenchymal tissue-resident cytotoxicity – that offer new perspectives on clinical and pathological features across these disorders.
Keywords:
AQP4 neuromyelitis optica spectrum disease
autoimmune encephalitis
CD4<sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">+</sup> T-lymphocytes
paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes

Journal

Current Opinion in Neurology cover
Current Opinion in Neurology
IF:
4.4
Papers:
2.8K
Citations:
6.5K

Organization

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