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Tectonic controls and redox dynamics: A comprehensive review of sedimentary manganese mineralization in the Devonian-Triassic Youjiang Basin, South China
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DOI：10.1016/j.earscirev.2026.105638.png)
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Abstract
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The Youjiang Basin in South China, a part of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean, hosts significant carbonate-hosted sedimentary manganese (Mn) resources, characterized by stratigraphically confined, intense, and episodic mineralization from the Devonian to Triassic, linked closely to palaeogeographic evolution of the basin driven by episodic tectonic events. This review synthesizes the palaeogeographic evolution of the Youjiang Basin, the spatiotemporal distribution as well as the mineralogical, sedimentological, geochemical, and geochronological constraints on Youjiang Mn deposits, gaining several key insights: (1) Basin tectonics, driven by rifting, subduction, and back-arc volcanism, formed fault-segmented basin-platform systems, regulating Mn supply, redox-stratified water columns, and sediment-starved depositional settings; (2) Mn mineralization occurred episodically, with Devonian–Early Carboniferous deposits forming in deep-water, low-clastic-input settings through redoxcline-controlled sequestration of Mn(III/IV) (oxyhydr)oxide precursors and their reduction to Mn-rich carbonates by organic matter during the diagenesis stage, whereas Permian-Triassic deposits reflect stratigraphically persistent Mn-enriched layers influenced by glacio-eustatic cycles, post-extinction redox instability, and low dilution; (3) Hydrothermal fluids and syndepositional faulting were primary Mn sources, with Mn(II) accumulating in anoxic deep waters and/or pore waters and being fixed near redoxcline conditions through microbial and redox-mediated oxidation processes; (4) Organic matter participation and microbially mediated diagenesis jointly facilitated stable Mn carbonate precipitation under high-alkalinity marine conditions. We hereby establish a comprehensive integrated metallogenic model, highlighting dynamic couplings among tectonically controlled Mn supply, stratified redox conditions, sea-level-driven redoxcline migration, microbial Mn cycling, and early diagenetic carbonate fixation, with mineralization occurring during periods of enhanced Mn flux, sustained stratification, efficient Mn sequestration, and low dilution. This review synthesis advances fundamental cognition of sedimentary manganese metallogeny and supports sustainable exploration and exploitation of Mn resources in the Youjiang Basin.
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