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The effects of specific and common variance on test–retest and self-other correlations: Another perspective on personality nuances
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DOI：10.1016/j.jrp.2026.104704.png)
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Abstract
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• After returning to statistically sound definitions of common and specific variance, it was discovered that the common variance in the facet subscales of a contemporary personality questionnaire was nearly twice as much as the specific variance. • At the domain level, the proportion of common variance can be up to nine times greater than that of specific variance. • However, the specific variance had a significantly greater impact on the strength of test–retest correlations and self-other agreement. • Specific variance is a fundamental unit of personality assessment, despite test constructors’ efforts to maximize common variance in their scales.
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