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Thermal runaway behavior and hazard assessment of sodium-ion batteries under fluorinated liquid immersion cooling
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DOI：10.1016/j.etran.2026.100600.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
• ➢Layered oxide SIBs exhibit severer TR hazards than polyanionic SIBs. • ➢Fluorinated fluid immersion cooling reduces TR peak temperature by 53.4% in NFM SIBs. • ➢Jet flame duration in NFM SIBs was suppressed from 11s to 2s under CXF immersion. • ➢Fire risk index of NFM SIBs drops from 98.1% to 63.1% with fluorinated fluid immersion. • ➢CXF immersion alters TR gas composition, lowering explosion risk for SIBs.
Keywords:
Thermal runaway
Sodium-ion batteries
Fluorinated liquid immersion
Fire risk assessment
Hazard mitigation
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