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Thermodynamic insights into the molecular evolution of water-soluble organic matter in suburban PM2.5
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DOI：10.1038/s41612-026-01503-8.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Water-soluble organic matter (WSOM) is a major aerosol component, yet its seasonal molecular variability and thermodynamic evolution remain poorly understood. Here, WSOM extracted from fine particulate matter (PM2.5) collected across four seasons in humid suburban Chongqing was analyzed using ultrahigh-resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. Carboxyl-rich alicyclic molecules and aliphatic compounds were key contributors to seasonal differences in molecular composition, with autumn and winter WSOM exhibiting broader combustion-enthalpy distributions than spring and summer WSOM. Biomass burning and fatty-acid-rich primary emissions contributed more in autumn and winter, consistent with enhanced accumulation during cold-humid pollution episodes. Furthermore, six distinct molecular transformation pathways were identified as pollution levels increased. Among these, methylation/demethylation, hydrogenation/dehydrogenation, and hydroxylation/dehydroxylation accounted for approximately 86.8% of transformations, whereas sulfation/desulfation showed the strongest thermodynamic sensitivity. These findings provide molecular-level insights into the seasonal evolution of WSOM in suburban PM2.5, offering a scientific basis for suburban air pollution control.
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